RATS OF TOBRUK » rat

Our Grandfather

rat — Fri, 02 Oct 2009 07:51:50 +0000

This website was created to tell you the facts and true events that we learnt from our Grandfather about the Rats of Tobruk. These people risked their lives in the dry heat of the sandy desert, tunneling for protection from enemy bombardment. Some who came back were disturbed by their experiences. Many couldn’t talk about it and had nightmares. There were many things my Grandfather could never talk about.

This website is for the memory of our loving grandfather, which we started shortly after he left us when we were 12 and 13.

The Weapons

rat — Fri, 02 Oct 2009 07:33:28 +0000

The Australians used rifles, machine guns and sub-machine guns as well as mortars, grenades and artillery in the Battle for Tobruk. They also used weapons captured from the German forces, here are some of the weapons used in the battle.

The .303 Lee Enfield rifle, introduced in 1895, was the main military service rifle of the British Empire and her Commonwealth countries for over 60 years, over this period of time it went through various upgrades and modifications. The most notable alteration being the adoption of a single size of rifle in 1903 for both the cavalry and infantry use. This model had a ten round magazine, usually filled via five or ten round charging clips. It was a single shot bolt action weapon. This rifle, known as the Short Magazine Lee Enfield, or SMLE MkIII*,was still Britain’s service rifle in 1939 and was not declared obsolete and officially replaced until 1941 with another Lee Enfield, the No 4 rifle shown in the photograph above. Both models stayed in use until the end of WWII although it was the SMLE MkIII* that was used by Australian troops at Tobruk.

The American designed and manufactured Thompson .45 (11 mm) calibre sub-machine gun, made famous by the Chicago gangsters like Al ‘Scarface’ Capone and others. It went to war in WW2 and did good work. The troops called it the Tommy Gun. It was heavy, expensive and complicated to manufacture and the 50 round drum magazine took a long time to reload.

Below are three submachine guns used by Australian forces during WW2. From top to bottom: A 9mm Owen Mark 1, a .45 Thompson and a 9mm Austen Mark 1 submachine gun.

The Germans put up propaganda trying to show that Australians are rats and theives, they also called them rats because of the way the Australians dug tunnels as bomb shelters.

German Propaganda

rat — Fri, 02 Oct 2009 07:30:15 +0000

The German troops of the Afrika Korps thought of the Australian soldiers as ‘rats’ because of how they fought in battle ‘like cornered rats’ and because they tunneled to provide shelter from bombardment.

Surviving examples of the propaganda used specifically in Tobruk was hard to get and is probably very rare. These are the only examples I could fine

The Siege of Tobruk

rat — Fri, 02 Oct 2009 07:29:21 +0000

In 1941 Great Britain had to withdraw most of its forces from Africa to defend Greece, leaving the Australians of the Australian 9th Division and the 18th Brigade of the Australian 7th Division under Lieutenant General Leslie Morshead with the task of defending the city of Tobruk. The Australian troops made up more than half of the Allied presence in Tobruk with a total strength of over 14,000 men.

The siege started on 10 April 1941 and was finally relieved at the end of November.

The rest of the garrison was made up of 12,000 British (the 3rd Armoured Brigade, 4 artillery regiments) and Indian (the 18th Indian Cavalry Regiment) troops. In three stages on moonless nights between August and October, the Australian troops and Indian cavalry were withdrawn by sea. Their replacements were the British 70th Infantry Division and the Polish Independent Carpathian Brigade with the Czechoslovak 11th Infantry Battalion under command.

The city of Tobruk had to be held as a strong point where future attacks could be launched upon German forces.

The Australian troops were up against the odds.

The German forces were twice the size of the Allies. The Germans were led by a millitary genius, Erwin Rommel, who to that time had never been defeated in battle.

The Australians did not give up, they didnt even think about escape or surrender. They managed to hold off Rommel’s forces for 250 days.

The Australians knew they would not win on just courage alone, instead they fought the battle with their strengths rather than their weaknesses.

When Rommel charged into Tobruk with tanks the Australians attacked the infintry leaving the tanks with no ground support and giving the Australians an advantage.

When the Luftwaffe dropped waves of bombs onTobruk, the Australians didn’t fight back but instead they hid safely in Tobruk’s network of tunnels. This ensured they remained focused on the task of defending the city against the German infantry.

When the Germans retreated to regroup, the Australians didn’t wait. Instead they went on the offensive attacking German positions, stealing German artillery and then retreating back into the city without trace. The stolen artillery (known as ‘bush artillery’) was used against its creators.

The Australians who fought were outnumbered but still had courage and defended Tobruk from the attacking Germans even though Tobruk was bombed to almost nothing.

Brave Australian Soldiers

rat — Fri, 02 Oct 2009 07:04:13 +0000

This is dedicated to the Australian Diggers known as the Rats of Tobruk.

Please watch this short presentation (click next in the picture)

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German Propaganda